Judaism, one of the oldest monotheistic religions, was founded around 2000 BCE, with its origins in the covenant between God and the patriarch Abraham. The central belief is the worship of one God and the adherence to His Commandments as outlined in the Torah, the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. Key principles include justice, charity, the pursuit of peace, and a strong sense of community and tradition. Judaism emphasizes ethical behaviour, the importance of family, and social responsibility. The global Jewish population is estimated to be around 15 million. In Italy, there are approximately 30,000 to 40,000 Jews, with vibrant communities in cities such as Rome and Milan. The religion has a profound influence on Western culture and other Abrahamic faiths.